Every child has certain basic emotional needs, which ought to be satisfied to ensure his optimal development as an emotionally mature individual, who can relate meaningfully with society.
Parental attitude
Parental attitude may lead to maladjustment between the child and parent. Following are the parental attitudes that foster maladjustments:
Rejection:
Birth of an unwanted child, or child of the sex other than the desired sex, disputed paternity, the birth of a child coinciding with a tragedy in the family such as the death of a family member, loss of employment, or finances. The child easily perceives the lack of warmth in the parent's attitude.
Dominance:
Parents want to take pride in the achievements of their children and try to impose their own value system, aspiration, and philosophy on the child. This leads to over domination of child's personal which may build up stresses in the child's interaction with a parent.
Overprotection:
An overprotective parent may prevent the child from developing his sense of independence and autonomy.
Unhealthy criticism and unfavorable comparison
Unrealistic expectations:
The parents push the child to achieve scholastic goals, much beyond his level of competence.
Inconsistent discipline:
Some parents are unusually strict at one time but become very lax in their discipline at another time. The child is confused and can't perceptualize the behavior expected of him.
Broken home or parental discord:
Is tragic for the development of the child. The parents should always consider the effect of their quarrel on the development of their child.
Problems of adjustment at school
The cause may lie in the school. A child from a low socio-economic stratum if placed in an expensive private school, patronized by children from richer homes, may find it hard to bridge the cultural gap and develop an acute inferiority complex. He may start hating his own parents for their inability to provide him with a similar environment.
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