Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Hypoglossal, Spinal accessory damage

Glossopharyngeal nerve (9th cranial nerve)

Sensory for posterior 1/3 of tongue

Motor fibers to pharynx

Damage causes: Difficulty in swallowing, loss of taste in post 1/3rd of the tongue and extending to posterior wall of pharynx; the constrictor muscle do not constrict.

Vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve)

Motor to soft palate, larynx and pharynx

Tangible to heart, respiratory entry, for lungs and stomach viscera (Para thoughtful)

Etiology

Nuclei: CVA, encephalitis, diphtheria, rabies etc.

Other sites: Space occupying lesions, syphilis, trauma, mediastinal lymphadenopathy etc.

Damage causes

Nasal intonation of voice

Nasal regurgitation of food

Absence of certain movement of palate

Difficulty in deglutition

Aphonia

Vagus nerve anatomy and function

The word "vagus" means to roam in Latin. This is a very appropriate term, as the vagus nerve is the longest cranial nerve. It goes from the trunk of the brain to the part of the colon.

The functions of the vagus nerve are divided into two parts:

Somatic components. These are sensations that are felt on the skin or muscles.

Visceral parts. These are the feelings that are felt in the limbs.

The functions of the vagus nerve include:

To provide information on the sensitivity of the skin behind the ear, the outer part of the ear canal, and certain parts of the throat.

Provides visceral sensory information for the larynx, esophagus, lungs, trachea, heart, and major digestive tract.

Play a small role in feeling the taste near the root of the tongue

The motor functions of the vagus nerve include:

The regenerative muscles of the pharynx, throat, and soft palate, the fleshy area near the back of the roof of the mouth.

Regenerative muscles in the heart, which helps to reduce the rate of heartbeat at rest

restoring random access to the digestive tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, allowing food to pass through the tract.

Vagus nerve stimulation

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) involves placing a device in the body that uses electric impulses to stimulate the nerve. It is used to treat other conditions of epilepsy and depression that do not respond to other treatments.

Expert's Trusted Source believes that the vagus nerve may form a link between depression, metabolic syndrome, and heart disease. If research confirms this, researchers say that VNS can help with a variety of health problems.

The device is usually inserted under the chest skin, when the wire connects it to the left vagus nerve. Once the device is activated, it sends signals through the vagus sensor to your brain stem, transmitting information to your brain.

The neurologist usually sets the device, but most people find a hand-held magnet that they can use to control the device themselves.

It is thought that VNS may be helpful in treating a range of other conditions in the future, including multiple sclerosis Trusted Source, posterior autoimmune uveitis, Alzheimer's disease, Reliable Source and cluster headache.

Spinal accessory nerve (11th cranial nerve)

Motor to sternomastoid and trapezius muscles

Sensory fibers to vagus

Etiology (damage)

Syringobulbia

Basal meningitis

Thrombophlebitis etc.

Damage causes

Inability to rotate the head due to paralysis of sternomastoid muscle

Weakness on elevation of shoulder due to paralysis of fibers of trapezius muscle

Hypoglossal nerve (12th cranial nerve)

This is a motor cranial nerve, and it supplies the muscles of the tongue.

Etiology

Head injury

Chronic bulbar palsy

Syringobulbia

Space occupying lesion

Operation in the neck

Neurosyphilis

Effects of paralysis

Unilateral paralysis will produce unilateral wasting of tongue, deviation of tongue towards the paralyzed side and sickle-shaped appearance.

Bilateral paralysis will give rise to complete wasting of  the tongue, and difficulty in articulations.

Fasciculation might be available when the injury is because of Chronic Bulbar Palsy.

Homeopathic treatment of cranial nerve disorders (Expert Homeopathy)

Anosmia

Alumina: The most common condition associated with this drug is dryness of the mucous membranes and skin, as well as a tendency to paretic muscular conditions. Pain at the root of the nose. The sense of smell is reduced. A well-traveled coryza. The point of the nose is cracked, the nose sore, red; bad touch. A crust with yellow mucus. Tettery red. Ozœna atrophica sicca. The membranes are scattered and firm.

Anac: Regular sneezing. The sense of smell is distorted. Coryza and palpitation, especially in the elderly. Anacardium patient is most commonly found among neurasthenics; such have a form of nervous dyspepsia, which is relieved by diet; impaired memory, depression, and irritability; sensory impairment (smell, sight, hearing).
Cyclamen: Mild smell. The strong smell does not affect the smell.
Other remedies: Hep., Kali bi., Mag. m., us. mur., Puls.

Second Optic neuritis
Apis: Swelling caps, red, edema, everted, inflamed; burning and stinging. Conjunctiva is bright red, puffy. Lachrymation is hot. Photophobia. Sudden piercing pain. Pain around the lines. Serous exudation, edema, and acute pain. Strong swelling of the eyes. Keratitis with severe chemosis of the ocular conjunctiva. Staphyloma of the cornea after severe inflammation. Styes, also prevents their duplication.
Merc .: The lids are red, thick, swollen. Profuse, heat, acrid release. Floating black spots. After being exposed to the light of fire; founders. Parenchymatous keratitis of syphilitic origin with inflammatory pain. Iritis, with hypopyon.

Optic atrophy (Optic neuropathy)
Phos: Feeling like everything is covered with fog or veil, or dust, or something pulled tight over the eyes. Dark spots appear floating in front of the eyes. The patient sees better by blinking the eyes with his hand. Fatigue of the eyes and head, even without much use of the eyes. Green halo about candlelight (Osmium). The letters appear red. Atrophy of the optic nerve. Slight loss of vision due to tobacco abuse (Nux). Paresis of the outer muscles. Diplopia, due to the deviation of the visible axis. Amaurosis is a sexually transmitted disease. Glaucoma. Thrombosis of the retinal arteries and degenerative changes in retinal cells. Degenerative changes when pain and curved lines are seen in adults. Retinal problem with lights and blurred vision.
Strych nit: Blurred vision. Visibility became very weak (immediately). A foggy vision confused. Persistent amaurosis. Many sparks in front of the eyes, sometimes black, sometimes white, sometimes red.
Increased peripheral sensitivity to blue. Temporary increase in viewing power. Very different view of peripheral points. Permanent expansion of the visual field.