What experts are saying about Schizophrenia | Types, Therapy

What is schizophrenia?

Schizophrenia is an extreme psychological illness in which people interpret the truth abnormally. This can result in a combination of hallucinations, delusions, and severely disturbed thinking and behavior that can interfere with daily functioning and be debilitating.

It is a complex, long-term condition that affects about one percent of Americans. Although schizophrenia can occur at any age, the median age at onset is between the late teens and early 20s in men and in the late 20s and early 30s in women. It is not uncommon for schizophrenia to be diagnosed in people under 12 or over 40 years of age.

Schizophrenia is not caused by a single genetic variation, but by a complex interaction of genetics and environmental influences. While schizophrenia occurs in one percent of the general population, a family history of psychosis increases the risk significantly. Schizophrenia occurs in about 10% of people who have a first-degree relative with the disorder, such as: parents or siblings.

The chemical phenomena in brain

Chemical. Genetics helps determine how the brain uses certain chemicals. People with schizophrenia have a chemical imbalance of brain neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine. These neurotransmitters transmit to nerve cells in the brain to send messages to each other. This chemical imbalance affects the way a person's brain responds to stimuli - which explains why a person with schizophrenia may be overwhelmed by sensory information (loud music or bright light) that others can easily handle. Problems processing different sounds, sights, smells, and tastes can also cause hallucinations or delusions.

Causes of schizophrenia

• Unknown cause
• Psychological and social factors
• Genetic factors
• There is definitely a chemical interference in the brain
• Family history of schizophrenia
• Biological and environmental factors

Schizophrenia symptoms

• Feelings are controlled by external forces
• Delusion
• Loss of appetite
• Regressive behavior
• Inferiority complex
• Inability to meet personal needs, lack of stamina
• Patient argue in every topic
• Patient can be violent
• Lack of joy in everyday life, and in every situation

Type of schizophrenia

There are several types of schizophrenia.

Paranoid schizophrenia

This is the most common form of schizophrenia. It can develop later in life than other forms. The main attractive features, no impaired speech and emotion, but there is hallucination and delusion.

Hebephrenic Schizophrenia

This type of schizophrenia, also known as "irregular schizophrenia," usually develops between the ages of 15 and 25. Symptoms include disorganized behavior and thoughts, as well as delusions and brief hallucinations. You may have irregular speech patterns, and it may be difficult for others to understand you.

People living with disorganized schizophrenia often show little or no emotion in their facial expressions, tone of voice, or behavior.

Catatonic Schizophrenia

This is the rarest diagnosis of schizophrenia, which is characterized by abnormal, restricted, and sudden movements. They can often switch between being very active and very quiet. They are not allowed to talk a lot and imitate the speech and gestures of others.

Undifferentiated Schizophrenia

Your diagnosis may show some signs of paranoid, hebephrenic, or catatonic schizophrenia, but it's definitely not compatible with just one of these types.

Residual schizophrenia

You may be diagnosed with residual schizophrenia if you have a history of psychosis but experience only negative symptoms (such as slow movement, poor memory, poor concentration, and poor hygiene).

Simple schizophrenia

Simple schizophrenia is rarely diagnosed in the UK. Negative symptoms (such as slow movement, poor memory, lack of concentration, and poor hygiene) are most evident early on and worsen, whereas positive symptoms (such as hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking) are rare.

Senestopathic Schizophrenia

People with senestopathic schizophrenia experience unusual body sensations.

Schizophrenia unspecified

Symptoms meet the general diagnostic criteria, but do not fit into any of the above categories.

Risk factors

• Psychosocial factors
• Use of alcohol and other drugs
• Exposure to several types of viruses
• Congenital defects
• Malnutrition at birth

Diet chart for schizophrenia

These foods can reduce the intensity of schizophrenia to some extent

• Egg
• Green Banana
• Beans
• Potato
• Full grain
• Fish
• Meat
• Corn
• Vegetable oils such as sunflower oil and soybean oil
• Dairy products such as milk, yogurt.
• Nuts
• Almond
• Walnut
• Broccoli
• Citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, tomatoes and yellow peppers
• Green and leafy vegetables like spinach, kale, mustard greens, etc.

What to avoid in schizophrenia?

• Smoke
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Sleep a lot
• Drug addiction or use of illegal drugs such as cocaine, heroin, etc.
• Avoid drinking tea or coffee at night because these drinks can cause difficulty sleeping (insomnia).
• Do yoga, exercise or breathing exercises regularly
• Avoid mental stress and anxiety

How is schizophrenia diagnosed?

According to the DSM-5, to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, two or more of the following must be present over a 1-month period.

Among all, at least one must be number 1, 2 or 3 on the list:

• Sign of delusion
• Sign of hallucination
• There is no relation of words when patient talks
• very disorganized or catatonic behavior
• negative symptoms or thinking
• The DSM-5 is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV, a manual published by the American Psychiatric Association and used by healthcare professionals to diagnose mental disorders

Is schizophrenia heredity?

Having a first-degree relative (FDR) with schizophrenia is one of the greatest risks for the condition.

While the risk in the general population is 1%, having FDR as a parent or sibling with schizophrenia increases the risk to 10%.

The risk increases to 50 percent if both parents have been diagnosed with schizophrenia, while the risk is 40 to 65 percent if identical twins have been diagnosed with the disease.

Scientists realized that the disorder tends to run in families and that a person inherits the tendency to develop the disease. Schizophrenia can also be triggered by environmental events such as a viral infection or a particularly stressful situation, or a combination of both.

Like several other genetic diseases, schizophrenia occurs when the body undergoes hormonal and physical changes, such as occurs during puberty in adolescents and young adults.

Catatonic schizophrenia

Catatonic schizophrenia is one of the hallmarks of a serious mental illness called schizophrenia. It prevents a patient from distinguishing between real and false, and this state may be called psychosis.

Causes of catatonic schizophrenia

• Psychological problems.
• Biological (early brain development).
• Brain disorder.
• Environmental factor.

Signs and symptoms of catatonic schizophrenia

• Socially withdrawn
• Unusual Behavior
• Afraid
• Decreased daily function
• Loss of interest or will
• Haunting thoughts
• Poor hygiene

What is paranoid schizophrenia?

Paranoid schizophrenia, or schizophrenia with paranoia as physician now call it, is the most common example of this mental illness.

Schizophrenia is a type of psychosis, which means your thoughts are out of sync with reality. The patient shows suspicious behavior and abnormal thinking. It can manifest itself in different ways and at different times, even in the same person.

This kind of patients are overly suspicious of others. This can make it difficult for them to keep a job, run errands, make friends, and even see a doctor.

Although this is a lifelong condition, you can take medication and seek help to stop symptoms or make life easier.

Paranoid symptoms

Delusions are deep-rooted beliefs that seem real to you, even when there is ample evidence that they are not. Paranoid delusions, also called paranoia, reflect deep fear and anxiety along with a loss of the ability to tell what is real and what is not. They can make you feel.

• A colleague tries to harm you by poisoning your food
• Does not keep believing in others
• The government is spying on you
• People in your neighborhood conspire to harass you
• These beliefs can cause problems in your relationship. And if you think strangers will hurt you, you may want to stay indoors or be alone

People with schizophrenia are usually not aggressive, the patient sometimes may violent. When someone is pushed over the edge, their actions tend to focus on family members rather than the public, and this happens at home.

You may also experience hallucinations in which your senses are not working properly. For example, you may hear voices mocking or insulting you. You may also be asked to do dangerous things. Or you see things that aren't really there.

Schizophrenia treatment

People with symptoms of acute schizophrenia may require critical care, including hospitalization.

Antipsychotics or antipsychotics (such as clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, and aripiprazole) work by changing the balance of chemicals in the brain and are used to control symptoms of the disease.

A supportive, problem-focused form of psychotherapy can help many people.

When people with schizophrenia become depressed, antidepressants may need to be added to their treatment regimen.

Individual therapy: In cognitive therapy, the therapist will help you find ways to deal with stressful thoughts and situations to reduce your risk of relapse.

Patients who lack family and social support can be supported through intensive case management programs that emphasize active outreach and relationships with various support services in the community.

Therapy

Antipsychotic therapy: Antipsychotic drugs include psychotic symptoms, e.g. - hallucinations, delusions (delusional disorder). This treatment includes medicines in the form of tablets and syrups, injection.

Psychosocial Therapy: This treatment is started when the patient starts taking medication. This type of treatment helps the patient to do daily work and even office work.

Coordinated Specialized Care: Includes medication and therapy with the help of the patient's family members.

Homeopathic medicine

Hyoscyamus Niger 200 - It is an effective remedy for cases of schizophrenia where the main symptom is paranoia and the patient feels that others are taking action against him. Another symptom is the patient's suspicion and feeling that he will be poisoned and therefore refuses to accept anything offered to him, even drugs; He couldn't believe that his friends were no longer his friends and kept talking to imaginary people. It can be recommended for patients whose illness arose due to an unhappy love affair in the past.

Lachesis 200 - It is another effective anti-abuse drug and its use is necessary when symptoms of distrust and jealousy arise without any reason. Other symptoms, dislike of the world and talkativeness also justify its use. The patient imagines that he is being controlled by superhuman powers; that her friends and children are trying to hurt her; that his friends wanted to put him in a mental hospital and other people were talking about him.

Platinum Metallicum 200 - It is an excellent antidote to megalomania. The characteristic that requires the use of this drug is the superiority complex, in which a person feels that everyone around him is unimportant and worthless and only he is superior and important. Schizophrenic patients who need this drug are certainly very proud and arrogant.

Phosphorus 200 - It is another excellent remedy for treating delusions of grandeur. Patients who are usually recommended this drug are those who have high self-esteem; Hypersensitivity to all external impressions; depression and indifferent behavior towards family and friends and having a strange imagination e.g. Something crept out of every corner. Symptoms worsen during thunderstorms

Anacardium Orientale 200 - It is an excellent remedy that can be used in patients suffering from auditory hallucinations. Patients who need this drug usually complain of hearing distant voices instructing them to do activities. He also heard the voices of the dead. This drug is also good for symptoms - a lot of talk combined with the use of harsh words; Distrust of everything around and restlessness when walking. He also felt that someone was following him and talking about him. The patient is also experienced to double personality.

Cannabis Indica 200 - It is a wonderful homeopathic remedy when there is a speech disorder in schizophrenia. The main defining symptom of Cannabis Indica is thoughts constantly flooding the brain, making the patient forget to speak and interrupting rational speech. The patient forgets and cannot remember the last words spoken; and afraid to go crazy and show uncontrollable laughter

Stramonium 200 - It is another remedy for disorganized speech and its main symptoms are - constant talking, slurred speech, excessive prayer, religious obsessions, fear of the dark and a tendency to speak with spirits.

Arsenic album 200 - It is effective when this condition is caused by anxiety or sadness. There was great sadness and fear. Sadness and tears at the slightest contradiction. Coupled with the fear of death. Besides, there is a great desire for cleanliness

Nux vomica 200 - In this medicine, patients have a strong tendency to reach for strangers who pass by. There is mania due to insomnia, fatigue and restlessness. Nux vomica patients are very irritable, sensitive to impressions and mischievous. They do not tolerate noise, smell, light, etc. They are picky, quarrelsome, bicker and offend others.