Acne Vulgaris is a common inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous follicles seen in adolescents characterized by comedones which are secondarily infected, resulting in papules, pustules, cysts, comedones, nodules and scars. In the preadolescent period, seborrhea oleosa and some comedones frequently appear as forerunners of the disease in the twenties; it gradually decreases and is again seen especially in women after the age of 28, or so (post adolescent acne). It occurs in both girls and boys; in the latter, in a somewhat severe form of Acne Vulgaris...
The pilosebaceous unit comprises the hair shaft, the hair follicle, and the sebaceous organ which makes sebum.
Human skin, particularly on the face, neck, back, and the chest, are canvassed in countless minute hair follicles, frequently called pores.
Because of reasons nobody totally gets it, these follicles at times overproduce cells and become hindered. Sebum (oil) which ordinarily depletes to the surface gets caught, and microscopic organisms starts to develop. All skin inflammation injuries begin as a miniature comedo.
Increase in the quantity of androgens secreted, or in increased sensitivity of the sebaceous glands to androgens.
Alteration in the composition of sebaceous secretion (free fatty acids are increased and these are irritant to the skin).
Alteration in bacterial flora of the skin - acne, bacillus propionibacterium acne.
Acne is often familial. The inheritance pattern is probably polygenic.
Symptoms / Signs- "Acne Vulgaris"
Onset and progress: Starting just after puberty the comedones progress to papules and may completely involve or progress to form pustules, and heal with resultant scars or pits.
Sites: Cheeks, chin, nose, forehead, chest, back, shoulder and buttocks usually associated with an oily scalp.
1. Non-inflammatory
Microcomedones can immediately become turned off and recuperate, or they become non-kindled skin flaws called comedones-either a whitehead or a blackhead
Whitehead
At the point when the caught sebum and microscopic organisms stay underneath the skin surface, a whitehead is shaped. Whiteheads might appear as minuscule white spots, or they might be little to such an extent that they are imperceptible to the unaided eye.
Blackhead
A pimple happens when the pore opens to the surface and the sebum, which contains the skin shade melanin, oxidizes and turns a brown/dark tone. It isn't soil and can not be washed away. Pimples can keep going for quite a while in light of the fact that the items gradually channel to the surface.1,13
2. Inflammatory acne
A zit or whitehead can deliver its items to the surface and recuperate or the follicle wall can break, and provocative skin inflammation can follow. This burst can be brought about by an irregular event or by picking or contacting the skin. Therefore, it is critical to leave skin break out inclined skin somewhat immaculate.
PAPULE
A papule happens when there is a break in the follicular wall. White platelets rush in, and the pore becomes inflamed.
PUSTULE
A pustule shapes a few days, some other time when white platelets advance toward the outer layer of the skin. This is the very thing individuals for the most part allude to as a "pimple."
A papule or pustule can totally implode or detonate, seriously kindling the encompassing skin and may immerse adjoining follicles. These injuries are called blisters
CYST
Once in a while, a serious provocative response can bring about exceptionally huge discharge filled.
SCARS
Skin break out scars are the aftereffect of irritation inside the dermis. The scar is made by the injury attempting to mend itself, coming about in a lot of collagen in one spot. This is on the grounds that the scars will more often than not cause a space in the skin's surface. There is a scope of medicines accessible to profound pits, that are the most well-known and an exemplary indication of skin inflammation scarring.
Hypertrophic scars: Thickened, or keloid scars.
Special types of acne
Comedones: Comedones are only on an oily skin.
White head: On the surface of skin, it appears as a slightly elevated white dot.
Black head: Sulphur constituent of sebum soon get converted into sulphide, turning the white head into a black dot, called blackhead.
Acne papulosa: Large number of inflammatory papules.
Acne pustulosa: Papules often suppurate to from pustules, resulting from the action of secondary invading microorganisms, chiefly staphylococci.
Acne indurata: Characterized by firm, perifollicular nodules of bluish re color.
Acne cystica: Many of indurata eventually become completely or partially absorbed, others transform into cysts, acne cystica.
Acne strophica: Where there are tiny residual atrophic pits and scars.
Acne keloidalis: Kelodal scars as a residue.
Pathophysiology
During puberty there is increase in activity of sebaceous glands of skin now. If the infundibulum of the follicles are plugged, there is collection of sebums inside the follicles. This is growth of acne bacillus, which causes release of fatty acids. These fatty acids act as irritants and foreign body reaction to sebum occurs, leading to formation of comedones, papules etc. If pus accumulates inside, then pustules form.
Treatment
Treatment should be started before scar takes place.
General: The general health should be checked, anemia and hypothyroidism ruled out.
Diet: Certain foods should be avoided like pastries, pies, chocolate, creams, fried foods, nuts, eggs, butter and pork etc.
Cleaning: Wash the face frequently with soap. This reduces flora and removes the excessive oil.
Laser therapy: The Dermoabrasion helps in cosmetic improvement, and look fast removal
How to do skin care and prevent acne?
1. Clean skin delicately Gently wash face with a gentle chemical [according to the sort of skin], once in the first part of the day and once at night, as well as after weighty activity. It is additionally essential to routinely cleanser hair. Assuming you have sleek hair, wash hair regularly. Clean up with plain water often.
2. Stay away from successive treatment of the skin. Try not to rub and contacting skin injuries. Crushing, squeezing or picking examine lead to the improvement of scars or dull blotches.
3. Select beauty care products cautiously.
Items, for example, facial cleans, astringents and veils for the most part aren't prescribed in light of the fact that they will generally disturb the skin, which can irritate skin inflammation. Unreasonable washing and cleaning can likewise disturb skin. If skin inflammation around your hairline, cleanser your hair as often as possible.
4. Stay away from aggravations. Stay away from sleek or oily beauty care products, sunscreens, hairstyling items or skin break out concealers. Use items marked "water-based" or "noncomedogenic."
5. Safeguard yourself from sun. For certain individuals, openness to the sun deteriorates skin break out.
6. Try not to contact and cracking the skin break out in light of the fact that it might prompt spread of contamination, which truly disturbs skin break out.
To dispose of pimples, you need to change your feast. Kindly don't take non-veg and much zesty food or inexpensive food/Many seared and slick arrangements. Limit exorbitant utilization of espresso or tea. Occasional organic products and green verdant vegetables are added into your eating routine. Steam shower your face two times per day and wipe tenderly with a towel. Likewise, clean up with water no less than 4 times each day and wipe delicately.
Homeopathic medicines-"Acne Vulgaris"
Hydrocotyle: Great dryness and desquamation of epidermis
Nux vom: From liquor drinks
Agaricus: With blueness and tendency to chilblains
Bellis Per: From cold drinks
Carbo ani: For recent cases, but if they are full of blood, give Belladonna, and if they are pale, give Pulsatilla.
Kali brom: For eruption on face, chest and shoulders (Acne vulgaris).
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